yes, you are asking for something really special. so special as it does not exist

as cdp settings are not applied to vmnic's they are applied to vswitch's.
from there you can list vmnics from vswitches
its, quite easy to retrieve the information your looking for when it comes to virtual switches.
after about 3 seconds of searching here on this forum, i found this:
Get-VMHost | %{Get-View $_.ID} | %{$esxname = $_.Name; Get-View $_.ConfigManager.NetworkSystem} | %{
foreach($physnic in $_.NetworkInfo.Pnic){
$pnicInfo = $_.QueryNetworkHint($physnic.Device)
foreach($hint in $pnicInfo){
Write-Host $esxname $physnic.Device $hint.connectedSwitchPort
}
}
}